LIBRARY

Analog.Semiconductors.Tests.DiodeBreakdown

Reverse-breakdown test for Diode2 — a zener clamp. Diode has no breakdown branch, so this test targets Diode2 with Bv = 6.8.

A 12 V, 50 Hz sine drives node X through 100 Ohm with the diode's cathode on X and anode grounded, so the diode clamps both swings:

• negative swings forward-bias the junction: X clamps near Vf = 0.7, on the linear continuation above VdMax = Vf + N*Vt;

• positive swings reverse it past Bv = 6.8: X clamps near +6.8 V on the breakdown branch, which switches in below vd = -Bv/2.

Both seams are C1, so the solver needs no region tests. d.v is anode minus cathode, so the waveform swings between +0.7 and -6.8. The 100 nF capacitor supplies the differential state; its 10 µs time constant is far below the 20 ms period, so the clamping is quasi-static.

Usage

ElectricalComponents.Analog.Semiconductors.Tests.DiodeBreakdown()

Behavior

Source

"""
Reverse-breakdown test for `Diode2` — a zener clamp. `Diode` has no breakdown branch, so
this test targets `Diode2` with `Bv = 6.8`.

A 12 V, 50 Hz sine drives node X through 100 Ohm with the diode's cathode on X and anode
grounded, so the diode clamps both swings:

  * negative swings forward-bias the junction: X clamps near `Vf = 0.7`, on the linear
    continuation above `VdMax = Vf + N*Vt`;
  * positive swings reverse it past `Bv = 6.8`: X clamps near +6.8 V on the breakdown
    branch, which switches in below `vd = -Bv/2`.

Both seams are C1, so the solver needs no region tests. `d.v` is anode minus cathode, so
the waveform swings between +0.7 and -6.8. The 100 nF capacitor supplies the
differential state; its 10 µs time constant is far below the 20 ms period, so the
clamping is quasi-static.
"""
test component DiodeBreakdown
  "Sine signal: 12 V amplitude, 50 Hz — past the 6.8 V breakdown each cycle"
  sine = BlockComponents.Sources.Sine(amplitude = 12, frequency = 50) {
    "Dyad": {"placement": {"diagram": {"x1": 160, "x2": 260, "y1": 276, "y2": 376}}}
  }
  "Drive source"
  vs = ElectricalComponents.Analog.Sources.VoltageSource() {
    "Dyad": {"placement": {"diagram": {"x1": 295, "x2": 395, "y1": 381, "y2": 481}}}
  }
  "Source series resistance (100 Ω), limiting the clamp current"
  rs = ElectricalComponents.Analog.Basic.Resistor(R = 100) {
    "Dyad": {"placement": {"diagram": {"x1": 425, "x2": 525, "y1": 606, "y2": 706}}}
  }
  "Diode under test, breakdown at 6.8 V; cathode to X, anode grounded"
  d = ElectricalComponents.Analog.Semiconductors.Diode2(Bv = 6.8) {"Dyad": {"placement": {"diagram": {"x1": 35, "x2": 135, "y1": 71, "y2": 171}}}}
  "Node capacitance (100 nF); supplies the differential state"
  cx = ElectricalComponents.Analog.Basic.Capacitor(C = 100n) {
    "Dyad": {"placement": {"diagram": {"x1": 165, "x2": 265, "y1": 71, "y2": 171}}}
  }
  "Ground reference"
  ground = ElectricalComponents.Analog.Basic.Ground() {
    "Dyad": {"placement": {"diagram": {"x1": 425, "x2": 525, "y1": 486, "y2": 586}}}
  }
relations
  initial cx.v = 0
  connect(sine.y, vs.V) {"Dyad": {"edges": [{"S": 1, "M": [{"x": 345, "y": 326}], "E": 2}], "path": {}}}
  connect(vs.p, rs.p) {
    "Dyad": {
      "edges": [{"S": 1, "M": [{"x": 280, "y": 431}, {"x": 280, "y": 656}], "E": 2}],
      "path": {}
    }
  }
  "Node X: source through rs, diode cathode, capacitor"
  connect(rs.n, d.n, cx.p) {
    "Dyad": {
      "edges": [
        {
          "S": 1,
          "M": [{"x": 540, "y": 656}, {"x": 540, "y": 20}, {"x": 150, "y": 20}],
          "E": -1
        },
        {"S": -1, "M": [], "E": 2},
        {"S": -1, "M": [], "E": 3}
      ],
      "junctions": [{"x": 150, "y": 121}],
      "path": {}
    }
  }
  "Diode anode grounded, so breakdown clamps positive swings of X"
  connect(d.p, cx.n, vs.n, ground.g) {
    "Dyad": {
      "edges": [
        {
          "S": 1,
          "M": [{"x": 20, "y": 121}, {"x": 20, "y": 226}, {"x": 280, "y": 226}],
          "E": -1
        },
        {"S": -1, "M": [], "E": 2},
        {"S": -1, "M": [{"x": 410, "y": 121}], "E": -2},
        {"S": -2, "M": [], "E": 3},
        {"S": -2, "M": [{"x": 475, "y": 431}], "E": 4}
      ],
      "junctions": [{"x": 280, "y": 121}, {"x": 410, "y": 431}],
      "path": {}
    }
  }
metadata {
  "Dyad": {
    "tests": {
      "case1": {
        "stop": 0.06,
        "abstol": 1e-9,
        "reltol": 0.000001,
        "expect": {"signals": ["d.v", "d.i", "cx.v"]}
      }
    }
  }
}
end

Flattened Source

"""
Reverse-breakdown test for `Diode2` — a zener clamp. `Diode` has no breakdown branch, so
this test targets `Diode2` with `Bv = 6.8`.

A 12 V, 50 Hz sine drives node X through 100 Ohm with the diode's cathode on X and anode
grounded, so the diode clamps both swings:

  * negative swings forward-bias the junction: X clamps near `Vf = 0.7`, on the linear
    continuation above `VdMax = Vf + N*Vt`;
  * positive swings reverse it past `Bv = 6.8`: X clamps near +6.8 V on the breakdown
    branch, which switches in below `vd = -Bv/2`.

Both seams are C1, so the solver needs no region tests. `d.v` is anode minus cathode, so
the waveform swings between +0.7 and -6.8. The 100 nF capacitor supplies the
differential state; its 10 µs time constant is far below the 20 ms period, so the
clamping is quasi-static.
"""
test component DiodeBreakdown
  "Sine signal: 12 V amplitude, 50 Hz — past the 6.8 V breakdown each cycle"
  sine = BlockComponents.Sources.Sine(amplitude = 12, frequency = 50) {
    "Dyad": {"placement": {"diagram": {"x1": 160, "x2": 260, "y1": 276, "y2": 376}}}
  }
  "Drive source"
  vs = ElectricalComponents.Analog.Sources.VoltageSource() {
    "Dyad": {"placement": {"diagram": {"x1": 295, "x2": 395, "y1": 381, "y2": 481}}}
  }
  "Source series resistance (100 Ω), limiting the clamp current"
  rs = ElectricalComponents.Analog.Basic.Resistor(R = 100) {
    "Dyad": {"placement": {"diagram": {"x1": 425, "x2": 525, "y1": 606, "y2": 706}}}
  }
  "Diode under test, breakdown at 6.8 V; cathode to X, anode grounded"
  d = ElectricalComponents.Analog.Semiconductors.Diode2(Bv = 6.8) {"Dyad": {"placement": {"diagram": {"x1": 35, "x2": 135, "y1": 71, "y2": 171}}}}
  "Node capacitance (100 nF); supplies the differential state"
  cx = ElectricalComponents.Analog.Basic.Capacitor(C = 100n) {
    "Dyad": {"placement": {"diagram": {"x1": 165, "x2": 265, "y1": 71, "y2": 171}}}
  }
  "Ground reference"
  ground = ElectricalComponents.Analog.Basic.Ground() {
    "Dyad": {"placement": {"diagram": {"x1": 425, "x2": 525, "y1": 486, "y2": 586}}}
  }
relations
  initial cx.v = 0
  connect(sine.y, vs.V) {"Dyad": {"edges": [{"S": 1, "M": [{"x": 345, "y": 326}], "E": 2}], "path": {}}}
  connect(vs.p, rs.p) {
    "Dyad": {
      "edges": [{"S": 1, "M": [{"x": 280, "y": 431}, {"x": 280, "y": 656}], "E": 2}],
      "path": {}
    }
  }
  "Node X: source through rs, diode cathode, capacitor"
  connect(rs.n, d.n, cx.p) {
    "Dyad": {
      "edges": [
        {
          "S": 1,
          "M": [{"x": 540, "y": 656}, {"x": 540, "y": 20}, {"x": 150, "y": 20}],
          "E": -1
        },
        {"S": -1, "M": [], "E": 2},
        {"S": -1, "M": [], "E": 3}
      ],
      "junctions": [{"x": 150, "y": 121}],
      "path": {}
    }
  }
  "Diode anode grounded, so breakdown clamps positive swings of X"
  connect(d.p, cx.n, vs.n, ground.g) {
    "Dyad": {
      "edges": [
        {
          "S": 1,
          "M": [{"x": 20, "y": 121}, {"x": 20, "y": 226}, {"x": 280, "y": 226}],
          "E": -1
        },
        {"S": -1, "M": [], "E": 2},
        {"S": -1, "M": [{"x": 410, "y": 121}], "E": -2},
        {"S": -2, "M": [], "E": 3},
        {"S": -2, "M": [{"x": 475, "y": 431}], "E": 4}
      ],
      "junctions": [{"x": 280, "y": 121}, {"x": 410, "y": 431}],
      "path": {}
    }
  }
metadata {
  "Dyad": {
    "tests": {
      "case1": {
        "stop": 0.06,
        "abstol": 1e-9,
        "reltol": 0.000001,
        "expect": {"signals": ["d.v", "d.i", "cx.v"]}
      }
    }
  }
}
end

Test Cases

Test Case case1

plt

plt

plt

Related

• Examples

• Experiments

• Analyses

• Tests

  • Capacitor

  • Diode2

  • Ground

  • Resistor

  • Sine

  • VoltageSource