SaturatingInductor

Inductor model exhibiting magnetic saturation.

Represents an inductor where the inductance value decreases as the current increases, simulating the effect of magnetic core saturation. The model defines the inductance L_actual as a function of current i, transitioning from L_zero (inductance at zero current) to L_inf (inductance at large currents). The relationship between magnetic flux (\psi), current (i), and voltage (v) is governed by:

$$L_{actual}=L_{inf}+(L_{zero}-L_{inf})\frac{atan(i/I_{par})}{i/I_{par}}$$$$\psi =L_{inf}i+(L_{zero}-L_{inf})I_{par}atan(i/I_{par})$$$$v=\frac{d\psi }{dt}$$

where I_par is a characteristic current derived from nominal values:

$$I_{par}=\frac{I_{nominal}}{tan(\frac{L_{nominal}-L_{inf}}{L_{zero}-L_{inf}})}$$

OnePort

Usage

SaturatingInductor(I_nominal=1, L_nominal=1, L_zero=2*L_nominal, L_inf=L_nominal/2, I_par=I_nominal/tan((L_nominal-L_inf)/(L_zero-L_inf)))

Parameters:

Name	Description	Units	Default value
I_nominal	Nominal operating current for defining saturation characteristics.	A	1
L_nominal	Inductance value at the nominal current I_nominal.	H	1
L_zero	Inductance value at or near zero current (maximum inductance).	H	2 * L_nominal
L_inf	Inductance value at large currents (fully saturated inductance, minimum inductance).	H	L_nominal / 2

Connectors

• p - This connector represents an electrical pin with voltage and current as the potential and flow variables, respectively. (Pin)

• n - This connector represents an electrical pin with voltage and current as the potential and flow variables, respectively. (Pin)

Variables

Name	Description	Units
v	Voltage across the component (between pin p and pin n).	V
i	Current flowing through the component (from pin p to pin n).	A
L_actual	The actual current-dependent inductance of the component (psi/i).	H
psi	The magnetic flux linking the inductor windings.	Wb

Behavior

using ElectricalComponents #hide
using ModelingToolkit #hide
@variables I_nominal #hide
@variables L_nominal #hide
@variables L_zero #hide
@variables L_inf #hide
@named sys = SaturatingInductor(I_nominal=I_nominal, L_nominal=L_nominal, L_zero=L_zero, L_inf=L_inf) #hide
full_equations(sys) #hide

<< @example-block not executed in draft mode >>

Source

# Inductor model exhibiting magnetic saturation.
#
# Represents an inductor where the inductance value decreases as the current increases,
# simulating the effect of magnetic core saturation. The model defines the inductance
# `L_actual` as a function of current `i`, transitioning from `L_zero` (inductance at
# zero current) to `L_inf` (inductance at large currents). The relationship between
# magnetic flux (`\psi`), current (`i`), and voltage (`v`) is governed by:
# ```math
# L_{actual} = L_{inf} + (L_{zero} - L_{inf}) \frac{atan(i/I_{par})}{i/I_{par}}
# ```
# ```math
# \psi = L_{inf}i + (L_{zero} - L_{inf})I_{par}atan(i/I_{par})
# ```
# ```math
# v = \frac{d\psi}{dt}
# ```
# where `I_par` is a characteristic current derived from nominal values:
# ```math
# I_{par} = \frac{I_{nominal}}{tan(\frac{L_{nominal} - L_{inf}}{L_{zero} - L_{inf}})}
# ```
component SaturatingInductor
  extends OnePort
  # Nominal operating current for defining saturation characteristics.
  parameter I_nominal::Current = 1
  # Inductance value at the nominal current I_nominal.
  parameter L_nominal::Inductance = 1
  # Inductance value at or near zero current (maximum inductance).
  parameter L_zero::Inductance = 2*L_nominal
  # Inductance value at large currents (fully saturated inductance, minimum inductance).
  parameter L_inf::Inductance = L_nominal/2
  # The actual current-dependent inductance of the component (psi/i).
  variable L_actual::Inductance
  # The magnetic flux linking the inductor windings.
  variable psi::MagneticFlux
  # Characteristic current parameter used in the saturation function, derived from other inductance and current parameters.
  final parameter I_par::Current = I_nominal/tan((L_nominal-L_inf)/(L_zero-L_inf))
relations
  # assert L_zero > L_nominal "L_zero $(L_zero) should be greater than L_nominal $(L_nominal)"
  # assert L_inf < L_nominal "Linf $(Linf) should be less than L_nominal $(L_nominal)"
  L_actual = L_inf+(L_zero-L_inf)*atan(i/I_par)/(i/I_par)
  psi = L_inf*i+(L_zero-L_inf)*I_par*atan(i/I_par)
  v = der(psi)
end

Flattened Source

# Inductor model exhibiting magnetic saturation.
#
# Represents an inductor where the inductance value decreases as the current increases,
# simulating the effect of magnetic core saturation. The model defines the inductance
# `L_actual` as a function of current `i`, transitioning from `L_zero` (inductance at
# zero current) to `L_inf` (inductance at large currents). The relationship between
# magnetic flux (`\psi`), current (`i`), and voltage (`v`) is governed by:
# ```math
# L_{actual} = L_{inf} + (L_{zero} - L_{inf}) \frac{atan(i/I_{par})}{i/I_{par}}
# ```
# ```math
# \psi = L_{inf}i + (L_{zero} - L_{inf})I_{par}atan(i/I_{par})
# ```
# ```math
# v = \frac{d\psi}{dt}
# ```
# where `I_par` is a characteristic current derived from nominal values:
# ```math
# I_{par} = \frac{I_{nominal}}{tan(\frac{L_{nominal} - L_{inf}}{L_{zero} - L_{inf}})}
# ```
component SaturatingInductor
  # Positive electrical pin.
  p = Pin() [{
    "Dyad": {
      "placement": {"icon": {"iconName": "pos", "x1": -50, "y1": 450, "x2": 50, "y2": 550}}
    }
  }]
  # Negative electrical pin.
  n = Pin() [{
    "Dyad": {
      "placement": {"icon": {"iconName": "neg", "x1": 950, "y1": 450, "x2": 1050, "y2": 550}}
    }
  }]
  # Voltage across the component (between pin p and pin n).
  variable v::Voltage
  # Current flowing through the component (from pin p to pin n).
  variable i::Current
  # Nominal operating current for defining saturation characteristics.
  parameter I_nominal::Current = 1
  # Inductance value at the nominal current I_nominal.
  parameter L_nominal::Inductance = 1
  # Inductance value at or near zero current (maximum inductance).
  parameter L_zero::Inductance = 2*L_nominal
  # Inductance value at large currents (fully saturated inductance, minimum inductance).
  parameter L_inf::Inductance = L_nominal/2
  # The actual current-dependent inductance of the component (psi/i).
  variable L_actual::Inductance
  # The magnetic flux linking the inductor windings.
  variable psi::MagneticFlux
  # Characteristic current parameter used in the saturation function, derived from other inductance and current parameters.
  final parameter I_par::Current = I_nominal/tan((L_nominal-L_inf)/(L_zero-L_inf))
relations
  v = p.v-n.v
  i = p.i
  p.i+n.i = 0
  # assert L_zero > L_nominal "L_zero $(L_zero) should be greater than L_nominal $(L_nominal)"
  # assert L_inf < L_nominal "Linf $(Linf) should be less than L_nominal $(L_nominal)"
  L_actual = L_inf+(L_zero-L_inf)*atan(i/I_par)/(i/I_par)
  psi = L_inf*i+(L_zero-L_inf)*I_par*atan(i/I_par)
  v = der(psi)
metadata {}
end

Test Cases

No test cases defined.

Related

• Examples

• Experiments

• Analyses

• Tests

  • SaturatingInductorTest